Martha J. Coston Essay Example for Free

Martha J. Coston Essay Martha Coston was born in Baltimore in the year of 1826. She was left with four children to take care of after the death of her husband. This happened when she was only 21. Even though her husband was now gone she was determined to make money so she could raise her precious children. She then came up with the idea to signal flare on her dead husband notebook. Although the plans didn’t work she was still determined to find a successful way to make signal flare work. After some attempts she finally discovered that she could use phyrotechnice to make it. The green, red, and white flares worked so well that the navy bought them from her for $20,000 they even awarded Martha the contract to make them with. After the run in with the money she had just received her flares served as the bass of a system of communication that helped save lives and win battles during the civil war. So even after the war, Martha continued to improve her invention that has helped continuesly through out wars and such. The flares she had created became so popular that they sold in very many places. Such as France, Italy, Denmark, the Netherlands and Haiti. The system of bright, long-lasting signal flares revolutionized naval communication and continues to be in use. Costons invention saved many lives. The effectiveness of Pyrotechnic Night Signals attracted the U.S. Navy and till now these devices are still used. Later on her son Benjamin got a bad fever and died at age 26. Marthas life was then full of tragedies, her infant son had died and her mother also died. Even after all these tragic moments, she got money for her flares and saved the lives of millions people.

Security in peer to peer networks Essay examples -- essays research pa

Thesis statement: Users of Peer to Peer networks must be aware of the security and how to deal with the attacks. Introduction Technologies are getting more advance each day, in this assignment will be sharing and discuss about the security in peer to peer networks. Security run an important role in every network applications because this is the place where people and the systems are all link up together and can access each other data and also programs. According to Madron (1992) points out that: One of the primary objectives of computer networks (and especially of local area networks) is to provide easy and convenient access to computer systems within an organizations, and it is that same ease of use that can sometimes conflict with security needs. (p.3) This being the case most of the peer to peer networks can remote the systems to access the nodes in the peer to peer network and programs are often transferred in the systems in remote locations and also because of the usefulness of the networking it really attracts people all around to use and at the same time problems of security happens. So it is crucial for the users to ensure their security in the networking. The problems usually started from modification of messages in transit, denial of services attacks and interception of messages, â€Å"perhaps the most obvious active threat faced by a communication system is an attack that can destroy or delay most or all messages† (Madron, 1992, p.63). In order to secure the systems of peer to peer network there is three basics requirements of security, integrity and authentication, it seems evident that â€Å"Data integrity ensures that data have not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner. Both data integrity and auth entication rely heavily on encryption as a primary security mechanism† ( Madron, 1992, p.71). For this security the operating system level and application level is used. As to ensure the security for every users, the helps support security needs to be posted to the peer to peer network and also to be specified. Requirements   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peer to peer (P2P) file sharing networks have become wildly popular. The first major file-sharing network example was NASPSTER, which designed to allow music fans to share MP3 music files and so on. P2P actually is all about sharing resources like files, storage or processing time, with ev... ...In the end, the use of technology is probably the only way we can secure information. The investment in information that individuals and organizations have made, are making, and will make in the future is enormous, however, and security systems aid us in protecting that investment.† (p.235). Aware of the security and protection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Durr, M., & Gibbs, M. (1989). Networking Personal Computers (3rd ed.). United States of America: Que Corporation. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Madron T.W. (1992). Network Security in the’90s: issues and solutions for managers. United States of America: WPC. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stallings, W. (1990). Local Networks (3rd ed.). United States of America: Masmillan. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2003). Retrieved May 2, 2003, http://www.business2.com/webguide/0,,26518,00.html 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2003). Retrieved April 20, 2003, www.microsoft.com/myservices/services/faq.asp 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2002). Retrieved April 20, 2003,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.rcsi.org/Newsletter/2002/Jul/Jul Aug02Monitor.pdf

Living on A Minimum Wage

Barbara Ehrenreich is a writer and journalist who decided to conduct an experiment and find out for herself what it is like to live on the minimum wage. For one month at a time she entered various communities, taking on minimum wage positions and trying to stay ahead. Ehrenreich detailed her experience in the book Nickel and Dimed. This books offers insight into the real lives and struggles of these people, showing just how difficult life is for them. As well as this, it is a striking account of how the lower class are treated by their employers and by people in general. The first thing that was immediately noticeable in the book was just how hard it was for people on the minimum wage just to achieve the basics of having food and shelter. Ehrenreich started the experiment in Key West and was not planning to live an extravagant life at all. Her plan was to find a job that would pay $7 an hour and a place to rent at a low enough price that she could afford food and gas. Ehrenreich's plan is to live in a trailer home. However, she soon finds that even a trailer home comes at a rent that is too high. Ehrenreich describes this realization saying that â€Å"it is a shock to realize that ‘trailer trash' has become, for me, a demographic category to aspire to† (Ehrenreich p. 12). This was surprising and shocking to read and changed my opinion about conditions for people on the minimum wage. I had considered that people living in trailer homes were struggling, but had never considered that they were struggling to the extent that just affording a trailer home would be so difficult. I also assumed that people living on minimum wage would be able to at least afford basic items such as food and shelter, even if they were not able to afford luxuries. This immediately opened my eyes to just how much people struggle just to get the basic essentials. This same problem is revealed again later in the book where Ehrenreich experiences the same thing in different towns. At one point, she is working two jobs and working seven days a week. Even then, she is only just able to supply herself with the basics. Ehrenreich also offers an opinion on the housing problem where she states that the high rent is a problem in all places â€Å"where tourists and the wealthy compete for living space with the people who clean their toilets and fry their food† (Ehrenreich 12). This suggests that the minimum wage earners are pushed out of decent accommodation by the people who are better off. The higher wage earners can afford higher rent and so rents go as high as these people can afford. Ehrenreich's reference to the wealthy though, doesn't seem to refer to those that would typically be considered wealthy. Instead, the wealthy are labeled from the point of view of someone who is on minimum wage. The wealthy then are really the skilled workers who are by no means rich, but are rich enough to afford to live reasonably well and at least manage to meet their basic needs and achieve a basic living standard. This strongly suggests that there is a major problem in society, since it seems absurd to think that you have to be wealthy just to have enough to have a decent place to live and be able to eat. This is a basic right that every person should have and it seems wrong that it is not available to everyone. It seems especially wrong that it is not available to a person working as hard and as many hours as Ehrenreich does. Ehrenreich also provides further analysis of the problem. As she sees it, there is a supply and demand issue at the heart of the problem. Workers need to work, but there are more workers then there are jobs. This gives employers the ability to keep wages current and still have those jobs filled. In fact, this just created more demand for jobs because workers will be looking for two or three jobs. In this situation, there is no need for employers to increase wages so they do not. This results in the wages being fixed. At the same time, there is demand for rental properties, food, and all the other essentials. This demand is not driven by the people on minimum wage, but by the population overall. While the people on minimum wage may not ever be moving forward, the economy overall and the population overall is always moving forward. This means that the cost of everything is always increasing, which includes the cost of food and the cost of rent. The question this raises is how people on minimum wage are ever supposed to catch up. How can they save anything to better themselves or improve their situation if every cent they earn is spent just trying to live? And if they cannot move ahead but everything else keeps moving ahead, what other option is there but for the people to fall further and further behind? This suggests that the conditions will continue to worsen. People on minimum wage will have to work more jobs and longer hours and will be able to do less and less with that money. In the book, Ehrenreich shows that she came very close to having to live in a shelter. It seems that life will only become harder and this downhill spiral may be the only direction that life can go for people on the bottom levels. Another important point in the book relates to how Ehrenreich is treated. From her first attempts to get a job, there is always the sense that she is being looked down upon by others. The job application processes seem uncaring at best and often humiliating. The working conditions seem just as bad. And for the customers that she serves in her roles, it seems like she is treated as barely human. The only real kindness or consideration she receives is from people in the same position as her. For employers and the public, she is either not noticed at all or seen as inferior and not deserving better treatment. For the public, I think this is something that happens naturally, rather than something is done out of cruelty. As long as someone is in a job and performing a job task, they tend to be though of as existing to perform that task. This applies to all positions, whether it be minimum wage or not. For example, it is natural to think of doctors and dentists in terms of the jobs they perform and not to consider them as people. For this point then, I don't think that the book shows a special disregard for minimum wage earners. Instead, it is more like there is just a lack of awareness about these people. In the end though, I don't think it is up to the public to show regard for minimum wage earners or any other type of worker. Instead, it should be up to the employer to treat all employees fairly. As noted though, there is no requirement for companies to do so. And the companies are always thinking of employees as a cost and not considering their personal needs. What can be done about the problem them? Ehrenreich does not provide an answer and there is no clear solution. However, just noticing that there is a problem to be solved is a good start. The book also shows power issues between employers and employers. Ehrenreich suggests that employers are keen to maintain their power over employees, including making it clear that employees should not join unions. During the interview process, Ehrenreich has to answer questions about whether she has children that would interfere with her ability to get to work and whether she thinks safety is the responsibility of management. Ehrenreich also describes trick questions asking about things like the amount of stolen goods purchased per year and the attitude on drugs. It seems clear that the interview process is created with the belief that the person will be a problematic employee. They might injure themselves and expect management to care. They might be late for work because of their children. They might be on drugs or steal from the company. The situation does not get any better when Ehrenreich gets a job, with her boss then constantly watching her for signs of drug abuse, stealing, or any other form of rule breaking. The situation that Ehrenreich describes is one where the employer has complete power. Despite all the laws on equal opportunity, it seems that employers can discriminate and choose not to employ someone who has children. Despite the law protecting the safety of workers, it seems that employers can ignore their duty of protecting employees. Overall, it seems that employees have no rights at all and no power at all. The companies can make demands and the employee's situation gives them no choice but to accept the demands. The power issues also seem to be increased by the view that the employers have of the employees. They seem to expect employees to be drug abusers, to be likely to steal, and to be barely intelligent or capable enough to perform basic duties. It is this attitude that has minimum wage earners like Ehrenreich being looked down on and treated with no respect. As Ehrenreich notes several times, minimum wage earners are seen as nothing more than people who have no choice but to do the jobs that are above everyone else. What can be done about this problem? Ehrenreich does not provide any answers to this questions. However, what she does do is make it clear that there is a very real problem. After reading the book, the daily battle of minimum wage earners becomes disturbingly clear. It is even more concerning when is it considered that Ehrenreich has trouble surviving as a minimum wage earner even though she has a lot more going for her than most, including that she only has herself to support. If Ehrenreich can't do it, it seems clear that nobody can. The end result of the book is the realization that there is a major problem in society that needs to be fixed. This is what the makes the book powerful, with Ehrenreich's account of her struggle able to open people's eyes to the world that they either couldn't see or didn't want to see.

Siddhartha Essay - 489 Words

Siddhartha In the novel Siddhartha by Herman Hesse, the main character experiences many ups and downs while on his journey to inner peace. First, he decides to live his life as a Samana. Later he abandons that life in return for a life as a rich man. In the end he decides that his rich life is unsatisfying and he begins the simple life of a ferryman. Herman Hesse writes about what it takes to obtain inner peace through his character Siddhartha. Siddhartha decides the way to obtain peace is by living like a Samana. Tomorrow at daybreak I will begin the life of the Samanas. (Pg 10) Siddhartha rids his life of all the things he doesnt need. Then he learns how to control his inner self, but is unable to gain inner†¦show more content†¦Later Siddhartha learns that none of these things are helping him gain peace and he no longer wants to be a Samana. Then Siddhartha begins to gamble and he gets rich. He becomes addicted to gambling and begins to put his life in danger. When he gambles, he gains many of the finer things in life like a garden, rich clothes and a lot of money. The only problem is, none of these things make him happy. He tries to buy his happiness, but it doesnt work. He staked high and unsparingly, hating himself, mocking himself. He won thousands, he threw thousands away, lost money . . . (Pg 29) Siddhartha even considers suicide because he is very unhappy. These problems are making him very old and sick. Siddhartha decides this life also doesnt make him happy so he decides to move on. This time around Siddhartha decides to become a ferryman. He gets rid of all the things that he doesnt need just like when he was becoming a Samana. He learns a lot through his new friend Vasudeva. Vasudeva guides Siddhartha and tells him to listen to what the river tells him. The River has taught me to listen; you will learn from it too. (Pg 105) Siddhartha learns a lot from listening to the river. Then Kamala comes back to him with his new son, but then Kamala dies because she gets bitten by a snake. This brings down Siddharthas morale. When he runs into Govinda after many years of not seeing him, he becomes happyShow MoreRelatedSiddhartha By Hermann Hesse, Siddhartha Essay2419 Words   |  10 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Siddhartha† by Hermann Hesse, Siddhartha, the protagonist of the story was led on a journey to reach enlightenment. Through his many realizations occurring in stages and phases, Siddhartha experienced emotional, mental and physical changes. Th ese stages marked the journey Siddhartha underwent, and the destined metamorphism developed as he followed the path of enlightenment. In Siddhartha s first phase, Siddhartha, a wealthy Brahmin found that even though â€Å"everyone loved† himRead MoreBuddhism and Siddhartha1327 Words   |  6 PagesLesson 16: Novel: Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha Name: Date: Graded Assignment Alternate Assignment: Novel: Hermann Hesse’s Siddhartha Submit this assignment to your teacher by the due date for full credit. (30 points) Answer each question. 1. Siddhartha believed that wisdom could only be attained by experience. How did his experiences lead him to nirvana? Answer: The key moment is the last discussion between Siddhartha and Govinda. For Siddhartha, finding perfect fulfillment on earthRead MoreSiddhartha Analysis Paper1322 Words   |  6 Pagespeace. Siddhartha illustrates each of these themes in the novel, Siddhartha. Throughout his life, Siddhartha is very independent. For example, Siddhartha demonstrates self-determination when he leaves his overbearing father â€Å"to begin the life of the Samanas† (Hesse 10). 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The story focuses on him leaving his family home in India to find this peace and totality, but the theme of this story is not just about Siddhartha, there is an underlying theme which demonstrate s that Siddhartha is not the only person searching for this peace, and this quest is not solely the theme of the story for SiddharthaRead MoreSiddhartha s Journey Of Enlightenment1221 Words   |  5 PagesHermann Hesse’s novel, Siddhartha, introduces a protagonist named Siddhartha. Siddhartha is a young but talented Brahmin who is insatiable for knowledge. Everyone in town respects him, but Siddhartha is not happy. He begins to suspect that his father and other teachers have no more wisdom to teach him. After hours of contemplation, Siddhartha decides to leave his town to join the Samanas in the hope of acquiring more knowledge. Joining the Samanas is only the beginning of his journey. 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Siddhartha comes to recognize the river as a metaphor for his existence. There is no definite starting point or finishing line of time, just as there is no specific beginning or end of a body of waterRead More Siddhartha Essays: Achieving Enlightenment at the River1150 Words   |  5 PagesAchieving Enlightenment at the River in Siddhartha      Ã‚   In Siddharthas quest for enlightenment, Herman Hesse makes the river the final focal point of the novel. Siddhartha is set on his journey to the river by listening to his inner voice and questioning authority. The river comes to represent the ideas through which Siddhartha reaches enlightenment. The essential concepts of time and how it relates to life are discovered by Siddhartha through listening to the river. He comes to realize that